The HC and CO emissions were reduced but NOx was increased. At the bore-stroke ratio of 0.966, the peak firing pressure rise achieved its maximum value of 3.05 bar/deg. The increase of the bore-stroke ratio led to decrease residual gas ratio, effectively release energy, and increase ignition timing, combustion duration, and volume efficiency. Through combined experimental and simulation methods, the results of the research show that the peak firing pressure rise, combustion duration, and effective release energy were strongly dependent on bore-stroke ratio, while the residual gas was less dependent on bore-stroke ratio. In our continual effort to develop an improved performance of a V-twin engine, we investigated the effective release energy, residual gas, peak pressure rise and combustion duration using experimental and simulation approaches.
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